It’s hard to forget your first breath of Hawaiian air. For me, it was the scent of pikake flowers—sweet, delicate, and completely enchanting. That tiny white bloom, often strung into leis, has stayed with me ever since. It’s more than just a pretty flower; it’s a memory you carry around your neck.
In Hawaiʻi, flowers and plants speak their own language. Whether it’s the bold color of the Hawaiian hibiscus plant or the spiritual power of the Hawaiian ti plant, each one tells a story. And when these plants are woven into leis, they become gifts of aloha—symbols of love, respect, and welcome.
If you’re headed to the Islands, keep your eyes open. Native Hawaiian plants are all around, and learning a little about them will deepen your connection to this very special place. Many of these are endemic species, unique to the Hawaiian Islands and found nowhere else in the world.
Yellow hibiscus flowers (Shutterstock)
Introduction to Native Hawaiian Plants
Native Hawaiian plants are a diverse and vibrant group of species that are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. These plants have evolved over millions of years in isolation, resulting in a unique and colorful variety of flora that can be found nowhere else on Earth.
From the majestic trees and shrubs that dominate the landscape to the delicate flowers and foliage that add a touch of beauty to any setting, native Hawaiian plants are an integral part of the islands’ natural habitats. Their presence not only enhances the scenic beauty of the Hawaiian islands but also plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of these natural habitats.
Types of Native Hawaiian Plants
Trees and Shrubs
Native Hawaiian trees and shrubs are a staple of the islands’ landscape. Some popular species include the koa tree, the ohia tree, and the maʻo hau hele (Hawaiian yellow hibiscus). These plants are not only beautiful but also play a crucial role in maintaining the islands’ ecosystem. They provide food and shelter for native birds and insects, and help to prevent soil erosion. The koa tree, with its strong wood, has been used for centuries to build canoes and other traditional items, while the ohia tree is often the first to grow on new lava flows, symbolizing resilience and renewal.
Flowers and Foliage
Native Hawaiian flowers and foliage are renowned for their beauty and fragrance. The hibiscus, plumeria, and maʻo hau hele are just a few examples of the many colorful species that can be found in the islands. These plants are often used in traditional Hawaiian ceremonies and are a popular choice for leis and other floral arrangements. The vibrant blooms of the hibiscus and the sweet scent of plumeria add a touch of tropical elegance to any setting, making them favorites among locals and visitors alike.
Vines and Climbers
Native Hawaiian vines and climbers are a versatile group of plants that can be found in a variety of habitats. The Hawaiian spider plant, for example, is a popular choice for indoor potted plants due to its ease of care and attractive foliage. Other species, such as the maʻo hau hele, can be trained to climb up walls or trellises, adding a touch of tropical beauty to any setting. It’s worth noting that many native Hawaiian plants are considered good luck plants and are often given as gifts or used in traditional ceremonies. The ti plant, for example, is believed to have mystical powers and is often sold as a good luck plant. However, it’s important to remember that these plants are not just decorative, but also play a crucial role in maintaining the islands’ ecosystem.
Hawaiian ti plant on Kauai (Shutterstock)
Popular Hawaiians Plants and their Meaning
Hawaiian Ti Plant: A Guardian of Good Luck
With its glossy green (and sometimes deep red or purple) leaves, the Hawaiian ti plant—or kī—is easy to spot. The vibrant colors and patterns of the green leaves create a visually striking effect that enhances the overall appeal of each plant variety. You’ll see it lining walkways, growing in gardens, and even tied around the waist of hula dancers.
In traditional Hawaiian culture, the ti plant is believed to offer protection and spiritual power. Ancient Hawaiians planted ti near their homes to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune. The leaves were also used for practical things: making sandals, wrapping food, and crafting hula skirts.
Travel Tip: Never pick or remove ti leaves from sacred or private spaces. Instead, admire and photograph respectfully.
“My mom always planted ti in our yard for good luck. Now I do the same, even though I live on the mainland.” – @islandroots808 (Instagram)
The Hawaiian Hibiscus Plant: A National Treasure
Big, bold, and bright, the Hawaiian hibiscus plant is a true showstopper. While you’ll see hibiscus blooms in nearly every color, only one is native: the yellow hibiscus, or maʻo hau hele.
This species is Hawaiʻi’s official state flower. It grows wild in dry forests and coastal areas, often in full sunlight, with blooms that open for just a day. Hibiscus flowers are also popular in leis and hair adornments—traditionally worn behind the left ear if you’re taken, right ear if you’re single.
“The hibiscus bloom only lasts a day, but it’s the most stunning thing you’ll see on a hike.” – @hikemaui (Twitter/X)
The Hawaiian Spider Plant: A Wild Beauty
You may know the Hawaiian spider plant as a trendy houseplant, but in Hawaiʻi, it thrives outdoors. Known as kīnakinaki, this low-growing native Hawaiian plant features long, thin leaves that arch out like spider legs—hence the name.
Unlike the common spider plant you find in stores, the native version grows in forests and open areas, especially on the Big Island and Kauaʻi. It helps prevent erosion and supports native pollinators.
“Loved seeing native spider plants on our forest walk. So different from the ones I’ve seen back home!” – @plantlover_hawaii (TikTok)
Pikake: A Scent That Lingers
Named after Princess Kaʻiulani’s favorite bird (the peacock), this flower is small and white but leaves a lasting impression. Used in traditional leis, especially for weddings and hula, pikake symbolizes romance, grace, and joy. It’s often strung with rosebuds or orchids and worn around the neck or wrist.
Cultural tip: If someone gifts you a pikake lei, wear it with gratitude. It’s considered rude to take it off in the presence of the giver. Also, if you’re pregnant, it’s considered bad luck to wear a closed lei. Opt for an open lei, one that hangs down the sides of your neck. A ti leaf lei is one such lei.
ʻŌhiʻa Lehua
This iconic plant is often the first to grow on fresh lava flows. Its red, fuzzy blossoms are a favorite of native honeycreeper birds. According to legend, lovers ʻŌhiʻa and Lehua were turned into the tree and flower by the volcano goddess Pele. Never pick the flower—it’s said to bring rain if you separate them.
Kukui Nut Tree
Also known as the candlenut tree, the kukui is Hawaiʻi’s state tree. Its silvery leaves were once worn by chiefs, and its nuts were used for light, oil, and medicine. Today, kukui leis are popular gifts for graduates and visitors.
Hala Tree
With its spiky leaves and pineapple-like fruit, the hala tree is hard to miss. Its long leaves were used to weave mats, sails, and baskets. In Hawaiian culture, hala symbolizes transition and remembrance.
Where to See Native Hawaiian Plants
Want to truly experience the wonders of native Hawaiian plants in their natural environment? These botanical gardens and preserves are not just beautiful—they’re living museums of culture, ecology, and conservation. You can find these plants across all the main islands, with some exceptions like Kahoʻolawe and Niʻihau. The native range of these plants includes Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokai, Lānaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi Island.
Kōkeʻe State Park – Kauaʻi
Located high above the Nā Pali Coast, Kōkeʻe State Park is a cool, misty escape that feels worlds away from the beach. The park is home to native ferns, ʻōhiʻa lehua trees, and rare bird species found nowhere else on Earth. Don’t miss the Kōkeʻe Natural History Museum, which features native plant gardens and interpretive hikes.
3600 Kokee Rd, Waimea, HI 96796
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park – Big Island
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park is more than a volcanic wonderland—it’s a haven for endemic plant life. From rainforests to lava fields, it hosts species like the silversword and hapuʻu fern. Ranger-led walks often highlight the plants’ importance to Hawaiian culture and ecosystem health.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718
Lyon Arboretum – Oʻahu
Tucked into lush Mānoa Valley, the Lyon Arboretum offers over 200 acres of tropical gardens and active conservation zones. Native koa and ‘ōhiʻa trees grow alongside endangered plants being restored for future generations.
3860 Mānoa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822
Limahuli Garden & Preserve – Kauaʻi
Part of the National Tropical Botanical Garden, Limahuli Garden & Preserve showcases ancient agricultural terraces and native forest restoration. You’ll see traditional Hawaiian farming techniques and sacred plants that have nourished island life for centuries.
5-8291 Kuhio Hwy, Hanalei, HI 96714
Travel Tip: Many gardens offer workshops, guided walks, and native seed sales—perfect for eco-conscious travelers looking to give back.
Cultural Etiquette: Look, Don’t Touch
When exploring Hawaiʻi’s lush trails and gardens, it can be tempting to pick a flower or take a plant home. But it’s important to respect both the land (ʻāina) and local customs.
Keep these tips in mind:
- Don’t pick native plants or flowers on trails or in protected areas.
- Never remove rocks, coral, or soil.
- Avoid moving plants between islands or bringing them home—this prevents spreading pests.
Plumeria Lei (Shutterstock)
Bonus: How to Make a Simple Plumeria Lei
Making your own lei is a beautiful way to connect with Hawaiian culture—and it’s easier than you think! Plumeria, with its velvety petals and sweet scent, is one of the most beginner-friendly flowers to work with.
You’ll Need:
- 50–60 fresh plumeria blossoms
- A large needle or bamboo skewer
- Strong cotton thread or dental floss (about 40 inches)
- Scissors
Steps:
- Pick flowers with firm petals.
- Thread your needle and tie a knot at the end.
- Pierce the center of each flower and slide it onto the string.
- Fill the strand until it’s about 36 inches long.
- Tie the ends and refrigerate until ready to use.
Tip: Never pick plumerias from private property without permission. Some farms offer blossom-picking experiences!
Bringing the Aloha Home
Even if you can’t take the flowers with you, their stories stay with you long after your trip. A whiff of pikake, the rustle of ti leaves, or the sight of a blooming hibiscus—these moments are the souvenirs that really matter.
So, slow down. Look closely. Let Hawaiʻi’s plants welcome you the way only they can.
