Black Sand Beaches in Hawaiʻi: Hawaiʻi Island and Maui

Hawaiʻi’s beaches are kaleidoscopic in color, with green, gray, golden and red sands found across the islands, contrasting with crystalline waters. As the youngest islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, Hawaiʻi Island and Maui boast striking black sand beaches formed from eroded volcanic lava and basalt rock. When molten lava flows into the cooler ocean, it crystallizes, shatters, erodes and forms black sand that is eventually deposited back onto land by the sea.

These unusually colored beaches are numerous and diverse on Hawaiʻi Island, the youngest in the island chain, while Maui, the second youngest Hawaiian island, has just two. Black sand beaches are not always swimmable, however, as many are located in areas with strong ocean currents and powerful surf. Some are difficult to access, while others offer the convenience of parking lots and facilities.

Here is a guide to help you choose the right black sand beach based on safety, accessibility and what you want to experience.

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Swimming, sunbathing, boogie boarding

• Swimming: Yes, but check conditions first (can be hazardous)

• Turtles/Seals: Both

• Facilities: Yes

• Parking: Yes

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Snorkeling and fishing

• Swimming: Yes

• Turtles/Seals: Both

• Facilities: Yes

• Parking: Yes

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Clothing optional

• Swimming: No

• Turtles/Seals: Turtles and dolphins

• Facilities: No

• Parking: No

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Sunbathing and walking

• Swimming: No

• Turtles/Seals: Turtles

• Facilities: No

• Parking: Yes

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Fishing and surfing

• Swimming: Yes, for experienced swimmers only

• Turtles/Seals: Both

• Facilities: Yes

• Parking: Yes

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Sunbathing

• Swimming: No

• Turtles/Seals: Both

• Facilities: No

• Parking: Yes

• Island: Hawaiʻi Island

• Best For: Snorkeling and fishing

• Swimming: Yes, but check conditions first (can be hazardous)

• Turtles/Seals: Both

• Facilities: Yes

• Parking: Yes

• Island: Maui

• Best For: Fishing and hiking

• Swimming: Yes, for experienced swimmers only

• Turtles/Seals: Turtles

• Facilities: Yes

• Parking: Yes, $10 fee for non-residents

• Reservations required

Oneʻuli Beach (Naupaka Beach)

• Island: Maui

• Best For: Fishing and snorkeling

• Swimming: Yes, but check conditions first (can be hazardous)

• Turtles/Seals: Turtles

• Facilities: Yes

• Parking: Yes, $10 fee for non-residents

• Located in Mākena State Park

Safety and rules

Do not expect to walk barefoot on black sand beaches. While visually striking, black sand absorbs heat and can burn feet quickly on sunny days. The lava rock that often makes up these beaches can also be sharp and uncomfortable to walk on.

While people may struggle with the heat, honu, or Hawaiian green sea turtles, are often drawn to the warmth of dark sand. Hawaiian monk seals are also commonly seen resting on black sand beaches. Before visiting, familiarize yourself with Hawaiʻi’s laws protecting marine life.

The Marine Mammal Protection Act and the federal Endangered Species Act protect Hawaiʻi’s marine species, including Hawaiian monk seals. According to the Department of Land and Natural Resources, both laws prohibit the “take” of protected species. Take is defined as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct.” Violations may result in federal criminal charges of up to $50,000 and or jail time. Civil penalties may range from $500 to $12,000.

Seeing honu or monk seals resting on the sand may invite a photo opportunity, but you are required by law to stay at least 10 feet away. Keeping your distance helps reduce stress on these animals and protects their health and safety.

Before heading out, check current beach and ocean conditions. Oceansafety.hawaii.gov offers downloadable safety guides in multiple languages and up-to-date information on which beaches are swimmable and where lifeguards are on duty.

Each black sand beach has its own character. Some are better suited for families, while others are more rugged. A few offer calm conditions for swimming or snorkeling, while others are best appreciated from shore.

Best for families

• Richardson Ocean Park in Hilo ranks as a top choice for families thanks to nearby parking, protected swimming areas and tide pools ideal for beginner snorkelers. The park also has picnic tables, restrooms and lifeguards on duty.

• Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach is another family-friendly option with facilities, picnic areas and lifeguards. Marine life sightings are common, including honu resting on shore and spinner dolphins occasionally visible offshore. Always confirm ocean conditions are safe before entering the water.

Best for swimming

Two black sand beaches stand out for swimming, though conditions can change quickly depending on weather, surf and currents. Always check conditions before getting in the water.

• Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach and Richardson Ocean Park both offer the best opportunities, with the caveat that Punaluʻu can become unsafe during high surf since it lacks the rocky protection found at Richardson.

• Kīholo Bay can also offer calm, clear conditions ideal for snorkeling. Access requires a hike of about one mile each way, but the sweeping coastal views and vibrant shades of blue along the way make the effort worthwhile.

Best for photos

• All black sand beaches are visually striking, but Pololū Valley Beach stands out for its dramatic cliffs, lush greenery and cultural significance as an area associated with the upbringing of King Kamehameha I.

Local tip: Do not attempt the hike down during rainy weather. The trail becomes slippery and dangerous when wet. This beach is not suitable for swimming and is best visited on dry, sunny days.

Not recommended

• Waipiʻo Valley is closed to visitors (both local and tourists) indefinitely. Hiking into the valley is not allowed, as most of the land is privately owned. Hiking to waterfalls is not permitted. The beach is not safe for swimming and has no facilities. However, the Waipiʻo Lookout still offers one of the most scenic views in Hawaiʻi.

• Families may want to avoid Kehena Beach, due to its steep hike and clothing-optional setting.

Weather and wave tips

Hawaiʻi’s trade winds and steady temperatures contribute to its appeal, with ocean temperatures generally ranging from 74 to 80 degrees depending on the season. Coastal conditions, however, can change rapidly.

During the wet season from November through April, waves and currents can be dangerous, particularly on north- and east-facing shores. Winter storms can generate hazardous surf on any side of the islands.

The drier season runs from May through October and generally offers calmer ocean conditions. Hurricane season begins in June and storms can develop quickly, sometimes affecting surf and visibility. Southern Hemisphere winter swells can also impact south-facing shores during summer, while west- and north-facing beaches are typically calmer.

Trade winds usually blow from the northeast, though during parts of winter they may shift to warmer, more humid Kona winds from the south or west.

Morning is typically the safest time for ocean activities, from sunrise until about noon, when winds and surf are often calmer. After heavy rain, it is best to avoid swimming, especially in murky water that may contain debris or runoff.

The most traveler-friendly black sand beach

Punaluʻu Black Sand Beach earns top honors for accessibility and amenities. Easy parking, restrooms, picnic tables, frequent marine life sightings and often swimmable conditions make it the most visitor-friendly option.

It is also highly photogenic, with dramatic contrasts between black sand, green vegetation, blue water and white surf. Keep your camera ready and remember to admire wildlife from a respectful distance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Where are the most black sand beaches in Hawaiʻi?

The Big Island has the majority, with at least 7 major black sand beaches.

Can you swim at black sand beaches?

Some, like Richardson Ocean Park, are safe for swimming. Most others are best for sightseeing only.

Is it illegal to take black sand from Hawaiʻi?

Yes. It’s illegal to remove black sand from beaches or volcanoes in Hawaiʻi. Always leave nature as you found it.

Does Maui have a black sand beach?

Yes, Waiʻānapanapa State Park is Maui’s most iconic black sand beach.

Are Hawaiʻi’s black sand beaches worth visiting?

Absolutely. Whether you’re a nature lover, photographer or simply seeking a once-in-a-lifetime experience, Hawaiʻi’s black sand beaches offer an unforgettable look at the islands’ volcanic power and natural beauty. If you’re visiting Hawaiʻi Island or Maui, make sure to add a black sand beach to your itinerary.